Course Contents

SEMESTER 1

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB101

Introduction to Education

 2

Basic concepts of education and training; aims and functions of education; the relationship of education with other fields and sciences; legal, social, cultural, historical, political, economic, philosophical and psychological foundations of education; method in educational sciences; school and classroom as an educational and learning environment; current developments in the teaching profession and teacher training; educational trends in the twenty-first century.

EMB105

Sociology of Education

 2

Basic concepts of sociology: Society, social structure, social phenomenon, social event etc.; pioneers of sociology (Ibn-i Haldun, A. Comte, K. Marx, E. Durkheim, M. Weber et al.) and educational views; education in terms of basic sociological theories (functionalism, structuralism, symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, critical theory, phenomenology and ethnomethodology); social processes (socialization, social stratification, social mobility, social change etc.) and education; social institutions (family, religion, economy, politics) and education; The development of sociology and sociology of education in Turkey (Ziya Gökalp, İsmail Hakkı Baltacıoğlu, Nurettin Topçu, Mümtaz Turhan et al.); culture and education; School as a social, cultural, moral system and community.

AIIT101

Principles of Atatürk and History of Modern Turkey I

 2

Internal and external reasons that prepared the collapse of the Ottoman Empire; XIX. Innovation movements in the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century; The idea movements in the last period of the Ottoman Empire; XX. At the beginning of the century the political and military situation of the Ottoman Empire; World War I and the Armenian question; Invasion and reactions of Anatolia; Mustafa Kemal Pasha's departure to Samsun and his activities; congress period and organization; the opening of the last Ottoman Parliament and the adoption of the National Pact; Preparation for the National Struggle and the material and moral foundations of this preparation; The opening and activities of the TGNA; Treaty of Sevr; The struggles on the southern and eastern fronts; establishment of a regular army; Greek offensive and wars on the Western front; Signing of the Mudanya Negotiation; Convening the Lausanne Conference and signing the Peace Treaty.

EGK105

Foreign Language I

 2

Present continous tense; present tense; speaking, reading, writing and listening skills in these tenses; speaking skills (introducing yourself, giving directions, describing something/somewhere, question and answer expressions about personal information); reading skills (at a restaurant, on transportation such as bus/train, shopping) ; writing skills (texting, poster content, filling out forms), listening skills  (giving directions, describing a place/person, etc.).

EGK101

Turkish Language I

 3

 5

Written language and features; writing and punctuation; characteristics of written and oral expression; paragraph formation and paragraph types (introduction, development, conclusion paragraphs); ways of developing thought (explanation, discussion, narration, description, identification, exemplification, witness demonstration, comparison, etc. applications); text structure (structural features of text, introduction-development-result parts); textual features (cohesion, coherence, purposefulness, acceptability, situationality, informationalism, intertextuality); writing text (drafting, writing, editing and sharing); writing informative-descriptive text; writing narrative text; writing descriptive text; writing controversial and persuasive texts.

EGK103

Information Technologies

 3

 5

               

Information technologies and computational thinking; problem solving concepts and approaches; algorithm and flow charts; computer systems; basic concepts about software and hardware; bases of operating systems, current operating systems; file management; utilities (third party software); word processing programs; calculation / table / graphics programs; presentation programs; desktop publishing; database management systems; Web designing; internet use in education; communication and collaboration technologies; safe internet use; information ethics and copyrights; the effects of computer and internet on children / youth.

PDR101

Introduction to Psychology

 2

 4

Definition of psychology, history of psychology, fields of psychology (social psychology, clinical psychology, educational psychology, etc.); theories of psychology (behavioral theories, cognitive theories, existential theory, etc.); biological foundations of psychology, intelligence and theories, sensation and perception, memory; personality and theories, abnormal behaviors, motivation, excitement, defense mechanisms.

PDR103

Cultural Anthropology

 2

 4

Basic subjects of anthropology and the concept of culture; history of cultural anthropology and cultural change, culture and values, concepts related to culture (language, ecology, modes of production and economy), gender, marriage, family, kinship and lineage systems; symbolic meaning of social organizations and ceremonies; anthropology of religion, communication, economics, education, film and photography, history, journalism, law, linguistics, literature, medicine, political science and sociology within the scope of the course and within the framework of psychological counseling and guidance.

SEMESTER 2

Couse Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB106

Philosophy of Education

 

2

3

Fundamental issues and problem areas of philosophy; philosophy of ontology, knowledge and ethics / values; basic philosophical movements (idealism, realism, naturalism, empiricism, rationalism, pragmatism, existentialism, analytic philosophy) and education; educational philosophical movements (perennialism, fundamentalism, progressivism, reconstructionism, existentialist education, critical education, etc.); Educational views of some philosophers (Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, J. Dewey, Ibn-i Sina, Farabi, J. J. Rousseau etc.) in the Islamic world and in the West; individual differences and education; education in terms of some political and economic ideologies; currents of thought which are effective in Turkey; Philosophical foundations of Turkish education system,

AIIT102

Principles of Atatürk and History of Modern Turkey II

 

2

3

Political reforms (abolition of the Sultanate, proclamation of the Republic, abolition of the Caliphate, etc.); revolutions in the social field (hat revolution, closure of dervish lodges and lodges, calendar, time and surname law); reforms in the field of education and culture (Tevhid-i Tedrisat Law, Letters Revolution, Turkish History and Language Revolution); revolutions in the field of law; Attempts and reactions to transition to multi-party life in the period of Atatürk (the establishment and closure of Progressive Republican Firka, Sheikh Sait rebellion and assassination attempt to Atatürk); Attempts to transition to multi-party political life in the period of Atatürk (establishment of the Free Republican Party, closure and the Menemen Incident); Republican period, Turkey's economic resources and policy (İzmir Economic Congress); Turkish foreign policy during the period of Atatürk (Population Exchange, membership of the League of Nations, Balkan Entente and Sadabat Pact); Atatürk era of Turkish foreign policy (Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits, Hatay to join the motherland, Turkey's bilateral relations with other countries); Definition, scope and principles of Atatürk's thought system; After Ataturk's Turkey, the ruling Democratic Party in the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, Turkey's foreign policy after 1960.

EGK106

Foreign Language II

2

3

Past tense; future tense; modals (can, could, may, must, etc.); speaking, reading, writing and listening skills in these tenses and modals; oral skills (asking questions at a restaurant, ordering food, etc.); reading skills (weather forecast on the internet, recipe, banner/poster content, etc.); writing skills (writing a short message, giving written directions, writing an e-mail/invitation, etc.); listening skills (weather forecast, recipe, etc.).

 

 

EGK102

 

 

Turkish Language II

3

5

Characteristics of academic language and writing; using definitions, concepts and terms in academic writings; objective and subjective expression; the structure and types of academic texts (articles, reports and scientific abstracts etc); claiming, writing propositions (verifying an idea, defending or opposing); the formal characteristics of scientific reports and articles; the steps of writing reports; explanation, discussion, establishing relations between texts, showing references (citation and footnotes, bibliography); writing a title, summarization, writing keywords; ethical principles to be observed in scientific writings; academic text writing applications.

 

EMB108

               

Instructional Technologies

2

3

Information technology in education; classification of instruction process and instructional techniques; theoretical approaches to instructional technologies; new trends in learning approaches; current literacy; instructional techniques as tools and materials; design of instructional materials; designing thematic instructional materials; creating subject-specific object repository, instructional material evaluation criteria.

 

PDR102

 

Developmental Psychology I

2

4

Basic concepts and principles related to development, factors affecting development: hereditary factors, environmental factors, historical time factor; developmental theories: Freud's psycho-sexual development theory, Erikson's psycho-social development theory, Piaget's cognitive development theory, Maslow's personality development theory, Levinson's development theory, ecological approach (Bronfenbrenner); prenatal development, physical development in childhood, cognitive development, personality development, moral development; Physical development in adolescence, developmental tasks specific to adolescence, cognitive development in adolescence, personality development, moral development and psycho-social development.

 

PDR104

 

Physiological Psychology

2

4

Field and research methods of physiological psychology; physiology and anatomy of the organism, behavioral mechanisms, sensory functions, motor functions and emotions, motivation and physiological basis of motivation, functional disorders and the causes of these disorders.

 

PDR106

 

Psychological Counseling and Guidance in Schools

2

5

Basic concepts and principles of counseling, history, field and branches of counseling; research and evaluation methods used, psychological counseling process, counseling theories, school counseling models (traditional and developmental), school counseling approaches (crisis-oriented, curative-remedial, preventive and developmental), the purpose and principles of the traditional school counseling model, the traditional school role and functions of the psychological counselor, the purpose, principles and program of the developmental school counseling model (Comprehensive Developmental Guidance Program), basic services/interventions and the roles and functions of the developmental school counselor; Purpose and principles of developmental and preventive approach in counseling, importance of life skills training in developmental approach, positive youth development approaches and prevention levels in preventive approach (basic, second and third level).


SEMESTER 3

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

 

EMB203

 

Principles and Methods of Teaching

2

3

Basic concepts of teaching principles and methods; teaching-learning principles, models, strategies, methods and techniques; setting goals and objectives in teaching; content selection and regulation in teaching and learning; teaching materials; teaching planning and teaching plans; theories and approaches about teaching; effective school teaching, learning and learning success; assessment of classroom learning.

 

PDR201

 

Developmental Psychology II

2

4

Transition to adulthood (emerging adulthood); basic characteristics of young adulthood, developmental tasks specific to young adulthood, establishing close relationships in young adulthood, adaptation to working life in young adulthood; basic features of middle adulthood, developmental tasks specific to middle adulthood and problems that may be encountered, physical development in middle adulthood, cognitive development in middle adulthood, personality development in middle adulthood, psycho-social development in middle adulthood; Basic features of old age, developmental tasks specific to old age, physical development in old age, personality development in old age, cognitive development in old age and psycho-social development in old age.

PDR203

Psychology of Learning

2

4

Basic concepts and principles related to learning, factors affecting learning (learner, learning material, learning strategy, learning environment), learning theories (behavioral approach, cognitive approach, humanistic approach), effective learning methods and techniques.

PDR205

Social Psychology

2

4

Social psychology field and research methods; social perception and social cognition, attitudes and theoretical approaches to attitude change; psychological processes affecting social behavior, social influence and conformity, group dynamics, interpersonal relationships.

PDR207

Basic Statistics

2

4

Basic concepts of statistics, data organization, descriptive statistics, probability calculations, probability distributions, parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests, correlation and its types, simple linear and multiple regression analysis, t tests, analysis of variance and application of these statistics in package programs.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course I

2

4

 

 

General Knowledge Elective Course I

2

3

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course I

2

4

 

SEMESTER 4

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB202

History of Turkish Education

 

2

3

The subject, method and sources of Turkish history of education; education in the first Turkish states; education in the first Muslim Turkish states; education in Turkey Seljuk and Anatolian principalities; education in the Ottoman Empire: the education system until the first modernization movements; Turkish education outside the Ottoman geography in the 13th-18th century; Reform in education until the Tanzimat in the Ottoman Empire movements; establishment of modern education system from Tanzimat to Republic; reorganization of traditional education;. education in other Turkish states and communities in Eurasia in the 19th-20th century; education during the national struggle period; education in the Republic of Turkey: Turkey foundations of the education system, structure, organization and development; the process of teacher training since its beginning; education in the Turkish world in the 21st century; common objectives, language and alphabet union, common history writing exercises.

EMB204

Research Methods in Education

 

2

3

Basic concepts and principles related to research methods, research process, (realizing the problem, identifying the problem and sampling, collecting and analyzing the data, interpreting the results) general characteristics of data collection tools, analysis and evaluation of data, access to articles, thesis and databases, research models and types, basic paradigms in scientific researches, quantitative and qualitative research designs, data collection, data analysis, validity and reliability in quantitative research, sample in qualitative research, data collection, data analysis, validity and reliability in qualitative research, article or thesis investigation, evaluation and presentation, research report preparation according to research principles and ethics; action research in education.

EGK204

Community Service Applications

2

3

Society, community service practices and social responsibility concepts; social responsibility projects in terms of social and cultural values; identifying current societal problems; preparing projects for the solution of identified social problems; voluntarily taking part in social responsibility projects individually and as a group; participating in social responsibility projects in various institutions and organizations; participating in scientific events such as panels, conferences, congresses, symposiums as audience, speaker or organizer; Evaluating the results of social responsibility projects.

PDR204

Personality Theories

2

2

Basic concepts of personality, development of personality, harmony and mental health; characteristics and comparison of personality theories, associating personality theories with field applications.

PDR206

Developmental Phases and Adjustment Problems

2

2

Considering the concepts of normality and abnormality from different perspectives, diagnostic systems and criteria for adjustment disorder in diagnostic systems, differential diagnosis criteria for diagnosing adjustment disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, different aspects from conduct disorders), reasons for considering adjustment disorders according to age periods. , protective factors and risk factors in adjustment disorders; first childhood, second childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood, old age adjustment disorders and coping with them.

PDR208

Character and Values Education

2

3

Conceptual framework: Character, personality/personality, value, virtue, morality, temperament, etc.; character development and education; family, environment and school in character development and education; definition and classification of values; the sources of values and their individual, social, cultural, religious, moral foundations; character and value education approaches and practices; intercultural differentiation and coexistence culture in character and value education; character and value education in terms of educational philosophy and goals; teaching methods and techniques in character/value education; the crisis of values and education in modern and multicultural societies; value education in the human-cultural development process; Examples of values education from the history of Turkish education and culture, values education practices and research in Turkey; teacher as a role model in character and value education

PDR210

Non-testing Techniques

2

3

The development and implementation of non-testing self-explanatory techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, information collection slips, ticking lists, timeline, autobiography, as well as observation, rating scale, sociometry, observational techniques such as case study, case recording, validity and reliability.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course II

2

4

 

 

General Culture Elective Course II

2

3

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course II

2

4

 

SEMESTER 5

Course Code

Name of the Course

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB305

Measurement and Evaluation in Education

 

2

3

The place and importance of measurement and evaluation in education; basic concepts related to measurement and evaluation; psychometric (validity, reliability, usefulness) characteristics of measuring instruments; developing and implementing success tests; interpreting test results and giving feedback; analysis of test and item scores; evaluation and grading..

EMB307

Turkish Education System and School Management

 

2

3

The formation of education systems and the structure of the Turkish education system; Structural organization of central, provincial and foreign divisions of the Ministry of National Education. Basic legislative regulations related to Turkish Education System. The main levels of formal education, namely, the levels of pre-primary, primary school, lower secondary school, upper secondary and higher education institutions. Manpower, physical, technological and financial resources in the Turkish education system; Attempts to reform and regeneration of the Turkish education system; organization-management theories and processes; school as a social system and organization; management of human resources; student personal affairs; education and training related jobs; school management related jobs; school, environment, community and family relations; Current discussions and orientations regarding the Turkish education system and school.

PDR301

Behaviour Problems I

2

3

Causes of behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence, classification, diagnostic criteria and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents according to DSM V diagnostic criteria, intervention methods and clinical observation.

PDR303

Psychological Tests

2

3

Basic concepts and principles related to psychological tests, individual and group intelligence tests, achievement, ability and personality tests, interest inventories, application and evaluation of some tests and inventories.

PDR305

Principles and Techniques of Psychological Counseling

2

3

Understanding the process and stages of psychological counseling, therapeutic conditions in the counseling process, the importance and function of basic and advanced counseling skills, creating therapeutic conditions and establishing a counseling relationship; using basic psychological counseling skills, sample applications related to the topics covered.

PDR307

Counseling Theories

2

2

Mainstream psychological counseling theories, the concepts, principles and techniques that form the basis of these theories; Having knowledge about evaluating and conceptualizing client problems within the framework of mainstream counseling theories and sample applications.

PDR309

Vocational Guidance

2

2

Basic concepts and principles related to vocational guidance and career counseling; Psychological factors affecting the career development process, other factors affecting the career development process, psychodynamic and developmental approaches in career counseling, Vocational Guidance and Career Counseling in Turkey.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course III

2

4

 

 

Genel Kültür Seçmeli Ders III

2

3

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course III

2

4

 

SEMESTER SIX

Code of the Course

Name of the Course

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB308

Morality and Ethics in Education

2

3

Concepts and theories related to morals and ethics; ethical principle, code of conduct; professional ethics, teaching profession in terms of social, cultural, moral, ethical aspects; education and learning right; ethical principles in teaching, learning and evaluation process; ethical principles in the relationships with education co-operators (employers/managers, colleagues, parents, professional organizations and society); moral/ethical responsibilities of school/education managers, parents and students; unethical behaviors in professional life; public administration in Turkey; ethical regulations regarding education and teachers; unethical behaviors in the school and education; ethical dilemmas, problems and solutions; morals/ethics education and ethical committees in the school; school principal and teacher as a moral/ethical leader.

EMB306

Classroom Management

 

2

3

Basic concepts related to classroom management. Physical, social and psychological dimensions of classroom management. Classroom rules and discipline in the classroom. Models related to classroom discipline and classroom management. The management of student behaviors in the classroom. Interaction in the classroom and interaction process. Student motivation in the classroom. Time management in the classroom. Teacher as a teaching leader in the classroom. The management of teacher-parent meetings. Creating positive classroom and learning environment. Cases related to classroom management according to school stages.

PDR302

Behavioral Problems II

2

2

Definition and causes of behavioral disorders according to different theories; classical classification and DSM V diagnostic criteria, behavioral disorders in adults according to DSM V diagnostic criteria, intervention methods and clinical observation.

PDR304

Counseling Skills

2

4

The knowledge and skills required in the counseling process, evaluating and conceptualizing the client's problems, setting goals, using advanced counseling skills, determining a strategy and choosing an intervention, terminating and monitoring, and practices related to the topics discussed.

PDR306

Group Counseling

2

3

Basic concepts and principles of group counseling; group counseling process; group counseling skills and techniques, stages of the group, groups for different problems and age periods.

PDR308

Vocational Guidance Practice

2

2

Application and evaluation of measurement tools used in vocational guidance and career counseling; preparing and implementing career development programs; individual and group career counseling.

PDR310

Spiritual Counseling

2

2

Basic concepts and history of spiritual counseling; psychological counseling theories and spirituality; cultural foundations of spiritual counseling; religious traditions, beliefs and spiritual counselling; spiritual counseling competencies; measurement in spiritual counseling; spiritual counseling techniques; corporate spiritual advice; spiritual counseling practice areas; ethics in spiritual counseling.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course IV

2

4

 

 

General Knowledge Elective Course IV

2

3

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course IV

2

4

 

SEMESTER 7

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB407

Psychological Counseling and Guidance Practice in Schools I

5

10

Examination of educational, vocational and personal/social counseling and guidance activities in preschool, primary, secondary and high schools, application and interpretation of test and non-test techniques; developing and implementing group guidance programs on various subjects.

EMB403

Special Education and Inclusion

2

3

Basic concepts of special education; principles and historical development of special education; legal regulations on special education; diagnosis and evaluation in special education; individualization of teaching; mainstreaming and support special education services; participation of the family in education and cooperation with the family; characteristics of different disability and ability groups; educational approaches and teaching strategies for different groups; effective strategies and behavior management in classroom management.

PDR405

Family Counseling

2

2

Basic concepts and principles in family counseling, systemic family structure, functional-nonfunctional family structure, family life cycle, family counseling theories and their reflections on family counseling; phases of family counseling process, marriage and divorce, the effect of divorce on children.

PDR407

Ethical and Legal Issues

2

2

Ethical principles and general practice standards in the field of counseling; ethical decision making; client rights and responsibilities of the counselor, legal issues.

PDR409

Program Development in Psychological Counseling and Guidance

2

2

Curriculum development in education, basic concepts, models; its relationship to school counseling programs, the history of school counseling programs and school counseling program models, planning school counseling programs, designing school counseling programs and program activities (services); implementation and evaluation of school counseling programs; development and implementation of psycho-educational programs.

PDR411

Counseling Practice I

2

3

Counseling with individuals using counseling skills and techniques under supervision.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course V

2

4

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course V

2

4

 

SEMESTER 8

Course Code

Name of the Course

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB408

Psychological Counseling and Guidance in Practice in Schools II

5

10

Examination of educational, vocational and personal/social counseling activities in preschool, primary, secondary and high schools, application and interpretation of test and non-test techniques; developing and implementing group guidance programs on various subjects.

PDR404

Children’s Law

2

3

The concept of protection of the child, the subject and characteristics of child law, the concept of children's rights, the historical development of children's rights in world law, children's rights in international agreements, the basic principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the child and its legal situation in the Turkish Legal System, the protection of the child in public law. , private child law, social assistance and security, handling the child in education and labor law, the duties of psychological counselors to protect children's rights, the roles and functions of psychological counselors regarding children whose legal process is ongoing.

PDR406

Trauma Counseling

2

3

Definition, scope and types of trauma (natural disasters, man-made traumas, proxy trauma, secondary trauma etc.); reactions that can be seen in children, adolescents and adults after trauma and the factors affecting them, individual, familial and social consequences of trauma experience, possible psychological disorders caused by trauma (post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, etc.); approaches and intervention methods to prevent the negative effects of trauma in humans; the state policies regarding trauma and the legal bases to be taken into account when working with trauma victims, the qualifications and competencies of the psychological counselor who will work with traumatized people.

PDR408

Seminar in Psychological Counseling and Guidance

2

3

Preparing and presenting comprehensive projects on the subjects they choose from the counseling field according to the interests and needs of the students.

PDR410

Counseling Practice II

2

3

Counseling with the individual using counseling skills, techniques and interventions within the framework of a certain counseling approach/model under supervision.

 

Teaching Knowledge Elective Course VI

2

4

 

 

Field Knowledge Elective Course VI

2

4

 

 

TEACHING KNOWLEDGE ELECTIVE COURSE LIST  

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EMB 221

History of Education

2

4

Education in ancient times (Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Indian, Chinese, Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations); Education in Eastern, Western and Islamic societies in the Middle Ages and New Age; Renaissance, Reform, Enlightenment Movements and education; Education in the Industrial Age and the Modern Period; Relations of Islamic culture and civilization with Western civilization; the birth of national / nation states and the development of national education systems; post-modern society debates and education; Basic changes and transformations in education in the world since ancient times.

EMB 223

Learning Difficulty

2

4

Definition, characteristics and classification of learning difficulties: Educational, psychological, medical factors; prevalence and incidence; causes of learning disability; early intervention; response model to intervention; screening / diagnosis: medical, developmental and educational screening / diagnostics; academic and non-academic characteristics; team and collaboration; educational environments; scientifically based applications; supporting reading, writing and math skills; supporting non-academic skills..

EMB 225

Micro Teaching

2

4

Basic concepts and principles of effective teaching and learning; teachers' professional competence, attitude, role and behavior; preparing a lesson plan; the scope, benefits and limitations of micro teaching method; preparing active learning activities suitable for the subject; sample teaching practices in the classroom; recording lecture presentations on video; evaluation of the course by using the records; Improving the prepared activities and lectures.

EMB 222

Project Preparation in Education

2

4

Project concept and project types; curriculum and project-based learning; project programs in schools (TUBITAK, EU and others); choosing the topic for the project; literature review; logical framework in the project; planning and management of the project; application of scientific method in the project; preparing and developing a project report; finalizing the project report; project evaluation and examination of good examples; project presentations, poster and brochure design techniques.

EMB 224

Education Law

2

4

Basic concepts of law and administrative law; sources of management law; rights and duties in management; The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Declaration of Human Rights; administrative and judicial control of teachers; Basic laws establishing and regulating the Turkish Education System; duties, rights and responsibilities of education stakeholders.

EMB 226

Attention Deficiency and Hyperactivity Disorder

2

4

Definition and characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Basic symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity); The effects of ADHD on the child in terms of social, emotional and school success; Causes of ADHD; Risk factors in the development of ADHD; ADHD types; Approaches to children with ADHD; Guiding students with ADHD; Education of children with ADHD; ensuring school-family cooperation.

EMB 323

Education Anthropology

2

4

The subject, basic concepts, history and method of anthropology; basic approaches in social-cultural anthropology; basic concepts of education and educational anthropology from an anthropological point of view: Culture, acculturation, acculturation, adaptation, subculture, counterculture, common culture, etc; cultural foundations and functions of education; intercultural differentiation, education and learning; school as a living space, school cultures and ethnographies; media, mass media, popular culture and education; globalization, cultural interaction, cultural literacy and education; Education in oral and written literary works in the history of Turkish culture and civilization; The roles of parents and children in Turkish family structure.

EMB 325

Extracurricular Activities in Education

2

4

Formal program and extracurricular activities / implicit program concepts in education; implicit programming approaches; cognitive and affective domain learning and implicit curriculum; school as a ritual place; school ceremonies as extracurricular activities at school; importance and management of social, cultural, sportive and artistic activities at school; the place and importance of the implicit program in values education; non-program (commemoration, celebration, meeting, graduation etc.) activities in terms of values education.

EMB 322

Critical and Analytic Thinking

2

4

Basic concepts and definitions; the brain as a thinking organ, ways of thinking and grouping of thinking; involuntary thinking and its features; voluntary thinking and its features; methods of voluntary thinking; critical and analytical thinking; Basic features and criteria of critical and analytical thinking, stages of critical and analytical thinking; Factors affecting critical and analytical thinking; the scope of critical and analytical thinking; critical and analytical reading; critical and analytical listening; critical and analytical writing.

EMB 324

Education of Children in Hospitals

2

4

Developmental characteristics, interests and needs, mental state of hospitalized children according to age groups; interaction between hospital staff, child and family; hospital preparation training, diagnosis, treatment and preparation for surgery; preparing and implementing activity plans for children in hospital such as games, music, art, drama, mathematics, stories, etc.; interaction between hospital schools and terminally ill children, their families and staff.

EMB 326

Drama in Education

2

4

Basic concepts of drama and creative drama (drama, creativity, creative drama, play and theater pedagogy, communication-interaction, role playing, improvisation, action, dramatic play, children's theater, puppet, pantomime, etc.); stages, dimensions and elements of creative drama; role playing and improvisation; history of creative drama; social events and creative drama relationship; application steps of drama in education; resources that can be used in drama in education; Preparation and implementation of creative drama lesson plan; The contribution of drama to individual and social development.

EMB327

Adult Education and Lifelong Learning

2

4

Definition and scope of adult education; concepts related to adult education (continuing education, public education, non-formal education, vocational education etc.); Historical development of adult education in Turkey; approaches and models related to adult education; adults and learning; purpose, scope and historical development of lifelong learning; Lifelong learning applications in Turkish education system.

EMB 328

Comparative Education

2

4

Definition, scope and history of comparative education; method and research in comparative education; Comparison of education systems of different countries in terms of structure, functioning, school levels, human resources, financing of education, privatization in education, policy making, planning and implementation in education; gender, social justice and equality in education in different countries; reform and innovation initiatives in education in different countries; teacher and education / school manager training systems in different countries; globalization and internationalization in education; international exams, institutions and organizations related to education.

EMB 421

Child Psychology

2

4

Basic concepts, history and methods of child psychology; prenatal development; development areas and characteristics of infancy; early childhood development areas and characteristics; final childhood development areas and characteristics; child in family structure; the child in the school system; childhood adaptation and behavior problems; children with special needs..

EMB 423

Inclusive Education

2

4

Inclusiveness and the content of inclusiveness; inclusive education: definition, content and importance; legal basis of inclusive education; national and international legislation; approaches and standards in inclusive education; teacher roles in inclusive education; inclusive curriculum and materials; attitudes and values in inclusive education; inclusive school and classroom; preparing an action plan for inclusive education; inclusive education practices: features that differentiate students, effective communication, language used, psychosocial support, differentiation and examples of teaching, methods and techniques, planning teaching, inclusiveness in course materials and selection of inclusive activities; lesson design applications.

EMB 425

Museum Education

2

4

Definition and characteristics of the museum, exhibition in museums; museum and museum education; museum types; The development of Turkish museology; an overview of the history of museology in the world; museum, art, culture and civilization relationship; museum and art education; museum and society; the contribution of museums to historical awareness; claiming historical artifacts; Contemporary museology in the world and in Turkey.

EMB 427

Individualization and Adaptation of Teaching

2

4

The concept of individualization and its importance in education; Things to do for individualization: curriculum-based evaluation, rough evaluation, criterion-dependent measurement tool preparation, rules to be followed in evaluation; determining long-term and short-term teaching goals; Arrangements that can be made in classrooms and schools for inclusion / integration; adapting teaching; Examples of individualization and adaptation in mainstreaming / integration classes.

EMB 422

Program Development in Education

2

4

Basic concepts of program development; theoretical foundations of program development; program types; philosophical, social, historical, psychological and economic foundations of curricula; curriculum development and features of teaching programs; stages of program development; the basic elements of the program (goal, content, process, evaluation) and the relationships between the elements; classification of goals and their relationship with program elements; content editing approaches; determination of training needs; program development process and models; curriculum design approaches; program evaluation models; program literacy; The duties and responsibilities of teachers in the development of curricula; Features of MEB curriculums; implementation of teaching programs; new approaches and trends in program development in the world and in Turkey.

EMB 424

Out of School Learning Environments

2

4

Out-of-school education and learning concepts; the scope and importance of out-of-school learning; teaching in out-of-school settings; teaching methods, techniques (project-based learning, station technique, etc.) and teaching materials suitable for out-of-school learning environments; out of school learning environments (museums, science centers, zoos, botanical gardens, planetariums, industrial establishments, national parks, science festivals, science camps, natural environments, etc.); developing out-of-school learning spaces and environments; planning, implementation and evaluation of out-of-school learning activities.

EMB 426

Sustainable Development and Education

2

4

Sustainability concept and usage areas; sustainability in terms of social sciences and natural sciences; sustainability in the context of social change; education and sustainability; the future of humanity and sustainability; migration, poverty and inequality; sustainable environment; ecology, global environmental problems and sustainability; sustainable society in harmony with nature; population, economic system and natural environment; technological developments, consumption habits and environment; social responsibility studies, sustainability in terms of tangible and intangible cultural heritage; rethinking human-nature relations in the axis of sustainability.

EMB 428

Open and Distance Learning

2

4

Basic concepts and philosophy of open and distance learning; the development of distance education in the world; The development of distance education in Turkey; learner and guide roles in distance education; technologies used in distance education; management of open and distance education; classroom management and components in open and distance learning; open educational resources and trends in the world; mass open online courses; personalized learning environments; problems related to open and distance education and their solutions; open and distance education practices in teacher training; individual teaching material development and student support services in open and distance education; Determining teaching strategies for different learning situations; research and evaluation in distance education.

 

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ELECTIVE COURSE LIST

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

EGK 221

Culture and Language

2

3

Basic concepts of language and culture; sources and elements of culture; oral and written culture; material and spiritual culture; culture from individual and social perspectives; culture as the unifying and separating; acculturation, acculturation, cultural diffusion and adaptation; culture in terms of cognitive, symbolic, structural-functional approaches; language as a system of symbols; individual language and language acquisition; the effect of language on human consciousness; the relationship between culture, language, cognition and reality; the function of language to convey knowledge and culture, to establish social relations and communication; the development and transmission of language and culture; national identity and language; dynamics of changes in culture and language; discussions on the mutual interaction of changes in culture and language; national cultures; globalization, multilingualism and multiculturalism.

EGK 223

Traditional Turkish Handicrafts

2

3

Terms and concepts related to traditional Turkish arts; the importance of traditional Turkish arts; their contribution to the individual, society and the national economy; Historical development of traditional Turkish arts (Huns, Göktürks, Uyghurs, Seljuks, Principalities and Ottoman Period); Ahi and Guild Organization; Institutions and organizations related to Turkish arts in the Republican era; Classification of traditional arts according to raw materials and production techniques; traditional weaving (carpet-rug, fabric, etc.), printing, knitting, felt, glass (stained glass, glassware, bead, etc.) arts; metal (iron, copper, silver and gold, etc.) arts; wood (kündekari, carving and mother-of-pearl inlay) arts; tile-ceramic and stonemasonry arts; education, production and marketing of traditional Turkish arts.

EGK 225

Economy and Entrepreneurship

2

3

Basic concepts of economics and economic systems; basic concepts of business and business management; establishment, purposes and legal structure of the enterprise; management processes and functions in businesses; management of human resources and other resources; concepts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship, success factors in entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurship process and entrepreneurship types; career planning, original ideas, extraordinary examples; Turkish Patent and Trademark Office; Industrial Property Law; small and medium businesses; management processes and functions in small businesses; business idea development, innovation and innovation, business plan making, business plan elements, writing and presentation; preparing a project about entrepreneurship in a specific field and subject.

EGK 227

Professional English

2

3

Basic English reading-writing-listening skills; basic concepts of child development and stages; basic concepts of basic education and secondary education; basic concepts of educational sciences; examples of dialogue between student-parent-teacher; techniques for listening and understanding texts with academic content (youtube, teachertube, tedx talks, etc.); verbal skills for professional development (vocabulary, phrases, etc.); writing skills (writing petition, preparing reports, creating a CV, writing a short message, creating lesson goals, etc.) reading skills (reading written texts using web 2.0 tools, etc.); translation studies in the relevant teaching field.

EGK 222

Career Planning and Development

2

3

Career concept, career planning and its stages; individual career development, creating a career strategy; career planning model, career options in related teaching fields; CV preparation and CV types, CV format and samples, Important points in CV preparation; cover letters, introductory letters, job interview, aims, method and types, preparation for interview and interview stages; situations that may be encountered in negotiations; question types, body language-bodily signs.

EGK 224

Turkish Folk Dances

2

3

Definition of folklore; rhythm and perception studies, play and folk dance-figure studies; local differences in folk dances, figure studies, local figures, bar type local figure learning, halay and spoon type local figure learning, horon and welcome type local figure learning, zeybek type local figure learning; studies about the attitudes and ways of playing the games learned; staging of folk dances, staging types and differences.

EGK 226

Addiction and Fighting with Addiction

2

3

Basic concepts and definitions; types of addiction (substance addiction, technology addiction, etc.); causes of addiction; the risk factors in the family, peer group and social context that prepare the person for the substance addiction process; communication skills in dependent children, adolescents and adults; the role of social work in addiction; addiction related models; efforts to prevent addiction; consequences of addiction; national policy and strategy methods in combating addiction; reintegration process.

EGK 228

Art and Aesthetics

2

3

Art, fine arts, craft and culture; art and education; art, creativity and artwork; philosophy of art and aesthetics; art and aesthetic theories; art criticism; art history, art in pre-modern, modern and post-modern periods; art and social context; art and everyday life; Turkish-Islamic art-aesthetics and works of art; the position of art and craftsman in the process of social change; Development of art in Turkey; today's understanding of art; civilization building and art; art, aesthetics and morality.

EGK 321

Human Relations and Communication

2

3

Definition and classification of interpersonal relationships; theoretical approaches about interpersonal relations (psychoanalytic, attachment, contemporary theories); theoretical approaches to interpersonal relationships (social, psychological, cognitive theories); interpersonal relationships as a developmental process (infancy and childhood, adolescence and adulthood); factors affecting interpersonal relationships; gender, gender roles and interpersonal relationships; self-adaptation and self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships; communication and communication errors; effective communication skills; interpersonal problems, conflict and conflict resolution approaches; human relations in terms of intercultural differentiation.

EGK 323

Nutrition and Health

2

3

Natural and healthy diet; fighting with obesity; food additives; wellness and exercise; Growth and development; healthy sex life; fight against addiction (tobacco, alcohol, substance abuse, etc.); traffic, disaster and first aid.

EGK 325

History of Turkish Art

2

3

Art styles from Hun Art to Göktürk, Uygur, Karahanlı, Gazneli, Great Seljuk, Anatolian Seljuk, Principalities and Ottoman period, architecture, sculpture and painting samples belonging to these periods are analyzed comparatively; Turkish art works and artists starting from the Republic Period Art.

EGK 327

Turkish Sign Language

2

3

Basic concepts of sign language; Turkish sign language, its history and features; Letters in Turkish sign language; sound knowledge; internal structure of the sign, synchronicity and succession; hand alphabet in terms of phonology; form information in sign language, the configuration and formatting of the sign; word classes and pronouns; sign language syntax; word order, sentence types; question sentences; semantics in sign language; meaning and reference, types of meaning, idioms; Conversation with Turkish sign language.

EGK 322

Human Rights and Democracy Education

2

3

The concept of human rights and its historical development; types of human rights; understanding of democracy, principles, approaches and human rights; democracy education and democratic education; family and democracy education; education as a human right; preschool education and democracy education; primary school education program and education for democracy; democracy education in secondary education; higher education and education for democracy; democratic school and classroom environment.

EGK 324

History and Philosophy of Science

2

3

Science, philosophy, scientific method; Ancient Greece, Medieval Europe, Scholastic philosophy and science; Science and philosophy in Islamic cultural geography; Science in Mesopotamia; Science and philosophy in Renaissance Europe; science and philosophy in the age of enlightenment; classification of sciences; relations of science, scientism (science), ideology, ethics and religion; science and paradigms; Vienna and Frankfurt schools of thought; Science criticism in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

EGK 326

Science and Research Ethics

2

3

Science, nature and development of science and scientific research; the concept of ethics and ethical theories; research and publication ethics; unethical behavior and ethical violations in the research process; ethical issues regarding authorship and copyright; biased publishing, editing, refereeing and ethics; publication ethics and unethical behaviors in the publishing process; legal regulations and boards related to research and publication ethics; Ways to be followed in detecting ethical violations; common violations of research, publication ethics and methods to prevent them.

EGK 328

Turkish Music

2

3

Music elements belonging to Turkish communities living in Central Asia and Anatolia, Turkish mythology (human, creation, religious rituals and holidays, etc.), mythological elements in Turkish Folk Music repertoire, music types existing in Turkish States and Communities, Turkish Folk Music in the historical process and the development of Turkish Art Music; mutual interaction of different traditions and styles related to music; instruments, composers, performers and their sample works.

 

FIELD KNOWLEDGE ELECTIVE COURSES

Course Code

Course Name

Credit

ECTS

Course Content

PDR209

Family and Child in Turkish Culture

2

4

Turkish family structure; child-rearing and the value of children in different Turkish states; Family culture, traditions and customs in Anatolia; nuclear family interaction with extended family; marriage ceremonies, funeral ceremonies, the role and duties of the family counselor who is sensitive to the collectivist culture.

PDR211

Creative Drama

2

4

Basic concepts, historical development of creative drama; Planning, implementation and evaluation of the creative drama process to support development areas, taking into account individual differences, and developing a positive attitude towards the area.

PDR213

Sociology of Work

2

4

Concepts of work and sociology of work, the history of labor relations, industrial work and organizations, division of labor and its theories, work groups and the social structure of work, business relations in the industrial work environment, information societies and their basic features, current problem areas of working life, new ways of working.

PDR215

Sexual Health Education

2

4

Sexual information necessary for the protection and development of physical, emotional and social health; misinformation and beliefs; measures; different sexual behaviors; attitude and value creation; to decide; describe safe sexual behaviors.

PDR217

School Mental Health

2

4

Definition of mental health and related concepts; mental health according to psychology schools, factors affecting mental health at school, mental health at school and humanistic education approach; mental health at school by developmental stages; relationship between cognitive and affective learning and mental health.

PDR219

Preventive Psychological Counseling and Guidance

2

4

Preventive mission and basic principles of psychological counseling; prevention levels, prevention theories, risk and protective factors, basic life skills and positive youth development programs; violence-bullying, sexual abuse, technology and substance abuse, suicide, school dropout, counseling measures and preparation of reports.

PDR221

Gender Equality

2

4

Psycho-social development, gender and related basic concepts, theories and models; gender roles, stereotypes, scales and research; gender and education, developments in gender equality, gender and psychological counseling process.

PDR212

Human Resources Management

2

4

The evolution of the concept of human resources, the three main sources of organizations and their relationship; personnel selection, leadership, team building and management, innovation management, human resources management, managerial economics, communication techniques and development, crisis management, budgeting and money management, digital marketing and social media management.

PDR214

Industrial Psychology

2

4

Examining the behavior of individuals in the working environment in order to produce scientific-based solutions to the problems related to the field of work and organization; social and psychological processes necessary for the improvement and development of the workplace; Examination and evaluation of the behavior of employees by quantitative methods.

PDR216

Social Skills Education

2

4

Concepts related to social skills, elements that make up social skills, social skills acquisition, social skills models and measurement, social skills in dealing with difficult people; affective expressiveness, affective sensitivity, affective control; social expressiveness, social sensitivity and social control.

PDR218

Child Abuse and Neglect

2

4

Basic concepts of child abuse and neglect; child rights, theories and models, effects of child abuse and neglect on children, therapeutic aid process; psycho-educational programs on child abuse and neglect, laws on child abuse and neglect, research on child abuse.

PDR220

Affective Education

2

4

Definition of affect, classification of affective domain, stages of affective domain: receiving, reacting, valuing, organizing, turning into attitude and behavior; affective education approaches, the application of affective education, the place and importance of counseling in affective education.

PDR222

Domestic Violence

2

4

Family structure and dysfunctional family patterns; types and symptoms of violence, incest, support for a family member who is a victim of violence, counseling for a bully family member; types of domestic violence, causes and consequences of domestic violence, prevalence of domestic violence; primary, secondary and tertiary prevention issues.

PDR311

Familial Relationships and Communication

2

4

Family structure and interaction patterns, effective communication skills in the family, basic communication skills, me-we languages, inappropriate communication languages of family members, peer-to-peer communication, parent-child communication and communication training for the family.

PDR313

Parent Education

2

4

Pedagogy-andragogy differences, basic characteristics of adult learners; Types of parent education, the history of parent education, effectiveness studies in parent education, principles and subjects of parent education, parental attitudes, healthy family communication and discipline methods.

PDR315

Pscyhological Counseling and Guidance at Industry

2

4

The relationship of working life with socio-economic and political systems; industrial psychology and its field of study; Group and group behaviors, communication patterns between the workers and the workers in the enterprises, the problems of motivation, productivity, industrial democracy and participation in the management and their examination with scientific methods.

PDR317

Consultation in Psychological Counseling and Guidance

2

4

School counseling and consultation services, consultation principles and techniques; implementation of consultation services for families and teachers, examination of effectiveness studies on consultation services, cooperation with school management.

PDR319

Computer-driven Career Counseling

2

4

Domestic and foreign information systems and computer-based career counseling programs that offer services over the Internet; evaluation of these systems, the standards that the systems should have, and the development of knowledge and skills on the use of systems within the framework of ethical standards.

PDR321

Adult Education and Lifelong Learning

2

4

Definition of adulthood, characteristics of adults, school counseling services and adults, adult learning, main problems encountered, characteristics of adult educators, principles of adult education, program types and examples, teaching methods and techniques and setting of environment.

PDR323

Technology Addiction

2

4

Scope of technology addiction, types, prevention studies of technology addiction, effects of technology addiction, treatment methods, cyber bullying.

PDR312

Crisis Intervention

2

4

Crisis intervention and definition of crisis, factors creating crisis, crisis intervention models and techniques, reactions of crisis victims, crises in childhood and adolescence, preventive studies, suicide assessment, intervention methods suitable for individuals and groups according to their developmental levels.

PDR314

Addiction Education in Family

2

4

Causes, types and stages of addiction; treatment process in addiction; medical support to the dependent family member, legal process, probation process, counseling measure for the dependent family member, support process to the family with the systemic model, coordination of narcologist, psychiatrist and family counselor.

PDR316

Psychology of Close Relationships

2

4

Definition of close relationship, theories, processes and important dynamics in close relationships, developing a comprehensive and cultural perspective in close relationships, starting, maintaining and ending close relationships, conceptualizing the problems of clients who have relationship problems.

PDR318

Culturally Sensitive Counselling

2

4

Addressing family counseling theories in a culturally sensitive manner; comparison of local cultural characteristics with the cultures in which the theories were developed; being able to consider different cultural backgrounds as a wealth when working with the family; reflection of psychological counselor competencies in practice.

PDR320

Counseling with Children and Adolescents

2

4

Developmental characteristics of children and adolescents and their reflection on the counseling process; principles and techniques in the process of psychological counseling with children and adolescents; planning the counseling process, structuring and managing the counseling session; Counseling theories that are effective when working with children and adolescents, individual and group counseling with children and adolescents, counseling with different children and adolescents, psychological counseling after/after divorce, ethical and legal issues.

PDR322

New Approaches in Counseling

2

4

New and different psychological counseling approaches and models, the concepts, principles and techniques that form the basis of these approaches and models; Having knowledge about evaluating and conceptualizing client problems within the framework of the aforementioned approaches and models, and sample applications.

PDR413

Short-Term Psychological Counseling

2

4

Cognitive, affective and behavioral therapy models and history of short-term therapy; solution-focused counseling principles and techniques, structuring solution-focused counseling sessions, techniques used, solution-focused counseling with children and adolescents.

PDR415

Pre-Marital Counseling

2

4

Premarital and romantic relationships, mate selection and factors affecting mate selection, mate selection theories; individual premarital counseling, counseling with couple candidates, premarital psychoeducation program examples.

PDR417

Interview Skills in Career Counseling

2

4

Interview techniques, rules to be followed in personnel selection; organizational career planning; job descriptions, interview techniques and the rules to be followed in the interview.

PDR419

Vocational Counseling

2

4

Business management, techniques used in personnel selection; career planning, career development, performance evaluation and management of the organization; Trainings that support the personal development of employees and managers (time management, effective communication, conflict resolution, sensitivity training, leadership training, etc.).

PDR421

Performance Analysis

2

4

Job, profession and career definition, job analysis techniques, performance evaluation, the importance of business management and job analysis, analysis of the basic features of the job, job analysis for different positions, criteria used, effectiveness evaluation, productivity measurement, organizational career planning and job analysis of employees.

PDR412

Divorce and Divorce Mediation

2

4

Problems in the divorce process, divorce process models, the effects of divorce, possible violence in divorce, psychological support to spouses and children during the divorce process, psychological counseling in the post-divorce adjustment process and coordination with the mediator lawyer in the divorce process.

PDR414

Culturally Sensitive Family Counseling

2

4

Addressing family counseling theories in a culturally sensitive manner; comparison of local cultural characteristics with the cultures in which the theories were developed; being able to consider different cultural backgrounds as a wealth when working with the family; reflection of psychological counselor competencies in practice.

PDR416

Family Counseling and Ethics

2

4

Ethical principles and general practice standards in family counseling, ethical rules regarding private areas, decision-making in accordance with professional ethics, client rights, family counselor responsibilities, legal problems.

PDR418

Career Counseling with Disadvantaged Groups

2

4

Gaining knowledge, skills and attitudes about preparing and implementing individual and group career intervention programs for disadvantaged, minority and groups with different characteristics (for example, immigrants, disabled, convicts, retirees, etc.).

PDR420

Career Development in Schools

2

4

Planning and implementation of counseling intervention programs that will support students' preparation for life events, living spaces and roles that they may encounter in accordance with their developmental characteristics and tasks; planning and implementing career interviews, preparing group programs.

PDR422

Lifelong Career Development

2

4

Considering career development as a dynamic process based on the continuous and unpredictable change of the individual and business life; approach and assistance services for lifelong career development; Strategies that can be applied in educational and industrial institutions.

PDR424

Gifted Children and Education

2

4

Introducing the scales used to determine the basic characteristics of gifted and talented children, preventive counseling services suitable for gifted children, points to be considered in preparing individual education and counseling programs, and application examples.

PDR426

Career Information Resources

2

4

Career planning process, responsibilities of career counselors in the process, methods of using information by those who make career decisions and criteria that can be used to evaluate the quality of information, labor market, basic information sources belonging to the public and private sector, and major occupational classification systems.

PDR428

Applied Behavior Analysis

2

4

Learning theories, basic principles of applied behavior analysis, identification of target behaviors, data recording techniques, drawing and interpretation of graphs, reinforcement, clues and types, shaping, symbol reinforcement, evaluation of problem behaviors and reduction of inappropriate behaviors.